Common Symptoms
- Swelling in arms, legs, or other affected areas
- Feeling of heaviness or fullness
- Skin tightness or firmness
- Decreased flexibility in nearby joints
- Recurring skin infections
- Discomfort or aching
What is Secondary Lymphedema?
Secondary lymphedema occurs when a normally functioning lymphatic system becomes damaged or blocked. Unlike primary lymphedema, which results from developmental abnormalities, secondary lymphedema is acquired through various causes that affect the lymphatic system.
Secondary lymphedema is far more common than primary lymphedema, with cancer treatment being one of the most frequent causes.
Common Causes
Cancer Treatment
The most common cause of secondary lymphedema in developed countries:
- Lymph node removal: Surgical removal of lymph nodes (especially in breast, gynecologic, prostate, and melanoma cancers)
- Radiation therapy: Can damage lymph vessels and nodes
- Tumor blockage: Cancer itself can obstruct lymphatic flow
Infection
- Cellulitis: Bacterial skin infections can damage lymphatic vessels
- Filariasis: Parasitic infection common in tropical regions
- Repeated infections: Chronic infections can progressively damage the lymphatic system
Trauma and Injury
- Severe injuries affecting lymphatic structures
- Burns
- Some surgical procedures
Other Causes
- Chronic venous insufficiency: Poor vein function can overload the lymphatic system
- Obesity: Excess weight can impair lymphatic function
- Immobility: Lack of movement reduces lymphatic flow
Risk Factors
You may be at increased risk for secondary lymphedema if you have:
- Had lymph nodes removed or radiated
- History of cellulitis or skin infections
- Obesity
- Limited mobility
- Poor nutrition
Stages of Lymphedema
Stage 0 (Latent)
The lymphatic system is impaired, but no visible swelling is present. You may feel heaviness or mild changes.
Stage 1 (Mild)
Visible swelling that improves with elevation. The tissue is still soft and “pitting” (leaving an indent when pressed).
Stage 2 (Moderate)
Swelling that doesn’t fully resolve with elevation. Tissue begins to harden (fibrosis). Some pitting may still occur.
Stage 3 (Severe)
Significant swelling with hardened, fibrotic tissue. Skin changes may include thickening, folds, or wartlike growths.
The Importance of Early Treatment
Early intervention is crucial for secondary lymphedema. When treated in early stages:
- Better outcomes are typically achieved
- Progression can often be prevented
- Less intensive treatment may be required
- Quality of life is maintained
Our Approach to Secondary Lymphedema
Treatment at LORC is tailored to your specific situation:
- Thorough Evaluation: Understanding the cause, stage, and impact of your lymphedema
- Complete Decongestive Therapy: The gold-standard treatment approach
- Cause-Specific Considerations: Addressing any ongoing contributing factors
- Coordination of Care: Working with your oncologist or other specialists
- Long-term Management Planning: Setting you up for successful self-management
Prevention Strategies
If you’re at risk for lymphedema (such as after cancer treatment), we can help with:
- Risk reduction education
- Monitoring for early signs
- Prompt treatment if lymphedema develops
- Exercise guidance that supports lymphatic health
How We Can Help
Our experienced therapists provide comprehensive treatment for secondary lymphedema, addressing both the symptoms and underlying causes when possible. We use Complete Decongestive Therapy and work closely with your medical team to ensure coordinated care.